I. House Demolition Operations
1. Demolition of Walls and Foundations
Principle: Equipped with ancillary tools such as crushing hammers or hydraulic shears, small excavators can efficiently demolish walls, foundations, and concrete structures of houses.
Operation: Firstly, use the crushing hammer to break down the hard walls or concrete beams and columns, and then clean up the debris by shovel bucket.
For brick walls or block structures, they can be demolished directly with the bucket and loaded into the transport vehicle.
Advantages: Faster than manual demolition, especially suitable for large demolition tasks. The scope of the demolition can be precisely controlled to minimise accidental damage to surrounding structures.
2. Removal of Demolition Debris – Principle: The small excavator loads construction debris (e.g. bricks, concrete fragments, timber, etc.) by means of a bucket into a transport vehicle or a designated area. – OPERATION: After the demolition is completed, the rubbish is sorted and transported using the bucket or forked tools (e.g. clamps). Pile the rubbish in a centralised area or load it directly onto a vehicle and transport it away from the site in preparation for subsequent construction.
II. Foundation construction operations
1. Excavating foundations and pits – Principle: Small excavators excavate pits or trenches for house foundations according to the design drawings, ensuring that the dimensions and depths are as required. – Operation: Use the bucket to dig precisely to the contour of the foundation and control the digging depth by means of measuring instruments (e.g. level). In hard soil or rock layers, the crushing hammer can be replaced for crushing operations. – Advantages: Alternative to manual digging, improving efficiency and safety. ◦ Suitable for construction in confined spaces or small home sites.
2. Backfill Compaction – Principle: After the foundation is poured, the small excavator can push the backfill and compact it initially, creating conditions for subsequent manual or mechanical compaction. – Operation: The backfill is evenly spread into the foundation pit with the bucket, and initial compaction is achieved by repeated rolling with the tracks.
Construction Material Handling and Auxiliary Operations
1. Handling Building Materials – Principle: The small excavator can be equipped with fork-like tools (e.g. clamps) or buckets to handle building materials such as bricks, gravel, steel bars, etc. Operation: ◦ Place bricks or gravel on the ground and then push them into the pit with the track. – Operation: Bundle the bricks or steel bars and then transfer them to the designated location with the clamp or bucket. The advantages of small excavators are especially obvious in areas where roads are narrow or where manpower is difficult to move.
2. Auxiliary construction equipment – Principle: Small excavators can be used to lift light construction materials (e.g. prefabricated panels, steel frames) or to assist other equipment (e.g. cranes) in the construction process. – Operation: Lifting materials by bucket or hook (additional equipment required) and placing them accurately at the designated location.
IV. SITE LEVELING AND CLEARING
1. Levelling the site – Principle: After demolishing or building a new house, a small excavator can level the site by means of a bucket and track system to ensure that the ground meets the construction requirements. – Operation: After clearing the surface of the ground of debris, the bucket is used to fill in depressions or dig up raised areas. The ground is initially compacted by repeated rolling with the track.
2. Clearing weeds and obstacles – Principle: Before a house is rebuilt, a small excavator can quickly clear the site of weeds, roots or remnants of old installations. – Operation: Digging and removing weeds and roots with the bucket, or pushing down small obstacles directly.
V. Summary of advantages
1. flexible: suitable for narrow home sites, complex terrain or small projects.
2. Versatility: adapt to different tasks by changing attachments (e.g. breaker hammer, clamp).
3. High efficiency: replacing manual labour to complete excavation, demolition, handling and other heavy physical labour.
4. Cost Reduction: Reduce manpower investment and construction cycle, enhance economic efficiency.
